Na kila poepoe (Round Bar Steel)

Hoʻokaʻawale ma ke kaʻina hana
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila poepoe ma ke ʻano he ʻōwili wela, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a huki ʻia ke anu.He 5.5-250 mm ka nui o ke kila poepoe wela.Ma waena o lākou: 5.5-25 mm kila poepoe liʻiliʻi i nā ʻāpana pololei i loko o nā pūʻolo o ka lako, hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kaola, nā bolts a me nā ʻāpana mechanical like ʻole;ʻO ke kila pōʻai ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 25 mm, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mīkini, billet paipu kila seamless, etc.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka haku melemele
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kalapona i ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, ke kila kalapona waena a me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe e like me kona haku mele ʻana (ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻike kalapona).
(1) Ke kila māmā
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi he kila māmā, ʻike kalapona mai 0.10% a 0.30% ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa he maʻalahi ke ʻae i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka forging, welding a me ka ʻoki ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā kaulahao, rivets, bolts, shafts, etc.
(2) Medium carbon steel
ʻO ka maʻiʻo kalapona 0.25% ~ 0.60% carbon steel.Aia nā kila hoʻomaha, ke kila semi-sedative, ke kila paila a me nā huahana'ē aʻe.Ma waho aʻe o ke kalapona, loaʻa pū kekahi wahi manganese (0.70% ~ 1.20%).Wahi a ka maikaʻi o ka huahana ua māhele ʻia i ke kila kila kila a me ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hana wela maikaʻi a me ka hana ʻoki ʻana, maikaʻi ʻole ka hana wili.ʻOi aku ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka plasticity a me ka paʻakikī ma mua o ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa.Hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia nā mea ʻōwili wela a huki ʻia me ka ʻole o ka mālama wela a i ʻole ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela.ʻO ke kila kalapona maʻamau ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana he mau waiwai mechanical piha.ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa e pili ana iā HRC55(HB538), σb ʻo 600 ~ 1100MPa.No laila, i ka pae ikaika o nā hoʻohana like ʻole, ʻo ke kila kalapona ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia, ma ke ʻano he mea kūkulu hale, akā he helu nui hoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mechanical.
(3) Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe
Kapa pinepine ʻia he kila kila, ʻo ka ʻike kalapona mai ka 0.60% a hiki i ka 1.70% a hiki ke paʻakikī a hoʻopaʻa ʻia.Hana ʻia nā hammers a me nā crowbars i ke kila me ka ʻona kalapona o 0.75%.ʻO nā mea hana ʻoki e like me ka drill, tap, reamer, etc. ua hana ʻia mai ke kila me ka maʻi kalapona o 0.90% a 1.00%.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka maikaʻi o ke kila
E like me ka maikaʻi o ke kila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kila kalapona maʻamau a me ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe.
(1) ʻO ke kila kalapona maʻamau, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke kila kalapona maʻamau, he mau palena ākea i ka ʻike kalapona, ka pae hana a me ka ʻike o ka phosphorus, sulfur a me nā mea koena ʻē aʻe.Ma Kina a me kekahi mau ʻāina, ua māhele ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana e like me nā kūlana o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana: ʻO ka papa A he kila me nā waiwai mechanical i hōʻoia ʻia.ʻO nā kila papa B (nā kila B) he mau kila me ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā mea kemika.ʻO nā kila kūikawā (Class C steels) he mau kila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka hoʻohui kemika, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kūkulu koʻikoʻi.Hana a hoʻohana ʻo Kina i ke kila A3 loa (Class A No.3 steel) me ke kalapona ma kahi o 0.20%, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hale ʻenekinia.
Hoʻohui pū kekahi o ke kila kalapona i ka alumini a i ʻole niobium (a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana carbide ʻē aʻe) e hana i nā mea nitride a i ʻole carbide, i mea e kaupalena ʻia ai ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa, hoʻoikaika i ke kila, mālama i ke kila.Ma Kina a me kekahi mau ʻāina, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi kūikawā o ke kila ʻoihana, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano kemika a me nā waiwai o ke kila kalapona maʻamau, pēlā e hoʻomohala ai i kahi ʻano o ke kila kila maʻamau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana (e like me ke alahaka, ke kūkulu ʻana, rebar, ipu hao hao, etc.).
(2) Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila hoʻoheheʻe kalapona maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻike o ka sulfur, phosphorus a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻole ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe.Wahi a ka ʻona kalapona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole, ua māhele ʻia kēia ʻano kila i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
① ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.25%C he kila kalapona haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui me ke kalapona ma lalo o 0.10% o ka 08F,08Al, no ka maikaʻi o ke kaha kiʻi hohonu a me ka weldability a hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā ʻāpana kiʻi hohonu e like me nā kaʻa, nā kini..... ʻO 20G ka mea nui no nā paila maʻamau.Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila māmā e like me ke kila carburizing, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana mīkini.
ʻO ②0.25 ~ 0.60%C he kila kalapona maʻamau, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, e hana ana i nā ʻāpana i ka ʻoihana hana mīkini.
(3) ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 0.6% C he kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā pūnāwai, nā mīkini, nā ʻōwili, etc.
E like me ka ʻokoʻa manganese maʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka ʻike manganese maʻamau (0.25 ~ 0.8%) a me ka ʻike manganese kiʻekiʻe (0.7 ~ 1.0% a me 0.9 ~ 1.2%) hui kila.Hiki i ka Manganese ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ke kila, hoʻoikaika i ka ferrite, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika hua, ka ikaika tensile a me ke kūpaʻa o ke kila.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohui ʻia ʻo "Mn" ma hope o ka pae o ke kila me ka ʻike manganese kiʻekiʻe, e like me 15Mn a me 20Mn, e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ke kila kalapona me ka ʻike manganese maʻamau.